Deposition of the low resistive ITO-films by means of reactive magnetron sputtering of the In/Sn target on the cold substrate

Detailed information on the deposition technology of the low-resistive ITO-films in oxygen-containing media by magnetron reactive sputtering from the In(90%)/Sn(10%) target on the cold substrate is given. Developed technology allows deposition ITO-films with sheet resistance transparency higher than 90%. Developed technology is notable for high reproducibility of results and is compatible with production technology of semiconductor devices of optoelectronics

Low resistance Cu[3]Ge compounds formation by the lowtemperature treatment of Cu/Ge system in atomic hydrogen

The research deals with the regularities for Cu[3]Ge compound formation under the low temperature treatment of a double-layer Cu/Ge system deposited on i-GaAs substrate in atomic hydrogen flow. The treatment of a Cu/Ge/i-GaAs system with layer thicknesses, respectively, of 122 and 78 nm, in atomic hydrogen with a flow rate of 10{15} at.·сm{-2} s{-1} for a duration of 2.5{-10} min at room temperature, leads to an interdiffusion of Cu and Ge and formation of a polycrystalline film containing stoichiometric phase Cu[3]Ge. The film consists of vertically oriented grains of dimensions 100-150 nm and has a minimum specific resistance of 4.5 [mu omega] сm. Variation in the treatment duration of Cu/Ge/i-GaAs samples in atomic hydrogen affects Cu and Ge distribution profiles, the phase composition of films formed, and the specific resistance of the latter. As observed, Cu3Ge compound synthesis at room temperature demonstrates the stimulative effects characteristic of atomic hydrogen treatment for both Cu and Ge diffusion and for the chemical reaction of Cu[3]Ge compound generation. Activation of these processes can be conditioned by the energy released during recombination of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the surface of a Cu/Ge/i-GaAs sample

Stages and Fracture Mechanisms of Lamellar Pearlite of 100-m-Long Differentially Hardened Rails Under Long-Term Operation Conditions

Using the methods of transmission electron microscopy, the carbide phase evolution in surface layers of the differentially quenched rails is studied after the passed tonnage of 691.8 million tons at the depth up to 10 mm along the central axis and fillet of rail head. The action of two mutual supplement mechanisms of steel carbide phase transformation in surface layers at rail operation is established: (1) cutting mechanism of cementite particles with the following departure in the volume of ferrite grains or plates (in pearlite structure); (2) cutting mechanism and following dissolution of cementite particles, transfer of carbon atoms on dislocations (in Cottrell atmospheres and dislocation cores), transfer of carbon atoms by moving dislocations into ferrite grains volume (or plates) with the following repeated formation of nanosized cementite particles. The first mechanism is accompanied by the change in linear sizes and morphology of carbide particles. Cementite element composition change is not essential. Carbide structure change can take place during the second mechanism

Antibody Recognition of Cancer-Related Gangliosides and Their Mimics Investigated Using in silico Site Mapping

Modified gangliosides may be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, thus, they are considered a valuable target in cancer immunotherapy. Structural knowledge of their interaction with antibodies is currently limited, due to the large size and high flexibility of these ligands. In this study, we apply our previously developed site mapping technique to investigate the recognition of cancer-related gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies. The results reveal a potential ganglioside-binding motif in the four antibodies studied, suggesting the possibility of structural convergence in the anti-ganglioside immune response. The structural basis of the recognition of ganglioside-mimetic peptides is also investigated using site mapping and compared to ganglioside recognition. The peptides are shown to act as structural mimics of gangliosides by interacting with many of the same binding site residues as the cognate carbohydrate epitopes. These studies provide important clues as to the structural basis of immunological mimicry of carbohydrates

Решение тематических задач при изучении экзогенных геологических процессов с применением неспециализированных беспилотных комплексов для аэрофотосъемки

The article reviews the experience of aerial surveys using a quadcopter DJI Inspire 1 PRO (unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV) for solving problems of engineering geodynamics. It describes the application of photogrammetry to estimate quantitative parameters of the studied objects, the experience of using UAVs to study flood processes in the Tunka valley (Russia) and erosion structures in the Ulaanbaatar agglomeration (Mongolia). The first UAV‐acquired data on debris flow alluvial fans and elementary drainage basins of erosion structures are presented. The ranges of UAV flight heights were 100–150 m and 1–30 m for local and detailed aerial photography surveys, respectively. Local surveys covered relatively large objects – debris flow alluvial fans and drainage basins. Detailed aerial photography aimed to investigate the granulometric compositions of debris flow deposits and to construct transverse profiles of erosion structures. Processed aerial photos provided a basis for a schematic map showing the distribution of accumu‐ lated debris flow deposits. The granulometric compositions of coarse fractions in the debris flow deposits were de‐ termined. Based on the survey results, 3D models of the fragments of the erosion structures and their cross‐sections were constructed.В статье рассмотрен опыт применения комплекса для аэрофотосъемки на базе мультироторного беспилотного летательного аппарата (БПЛА) при решении различных задач в области инженерной геодинамики, в частности, для получения количественных показателей исследуемых объектов с использованием фотограмметрического метода. Рассматривается опыт использования БПЛА при исследовании селевых процессов в предгорьях Тункинских гольцов (Россия) и эрозионных форм в пределах Улан‐Баторской агломерации (Монголия). Представлены первые результаты исследований конусов выноса селевых бассейнов и элементарных водосборных бассейнов эрозионных форм. Для изучения вышеперечисленных процессов была выполнена разномасштабная аэрофотосъемка – локальная и детальная, с использованием БПЛА. Локальная аэрофотосъемка, высота полета 100–150 м, применялась при изучении относительно крупных объектов – конусов выноса, локальных водосборных бассейнов. Детальная аэрофотосъемка, высота полета 1–30 м, использовалась как для получения данных гранулометрического состава селевых отложений, так и для построения поперечных профилей эрозионных форм. По результатам проведенной работы составлена схема рас‐ пределения аккумулятивных селевых отложений, определен гранулометрический состав крупной фракции селевых отложений. На основе созданных по результатам аэрофотосъемки трехмерных моделей фрагментов эрозионных форм построены поперечные профили этих форм

Основы и теоретизация культуры выбора профессии и карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования

Introduction. The culture of choosing a profession determines the direction of the translation of the meanings of personality development in the system of socially and personified-oriented relations, guaranteeing to an individual the timeliness of inclusion in professional and labor relations and its sustainable development. Theorizing the professional and labor development of an individual and technologization of its development as a professional indicates the direction of modeling and substantiates the integrity of the timely and correct clarification of the individual’s career in the system of continuous education.Problem statement. The article reveals the basic concepts and models associated with the process and result of theorizing the quality of the ideas of the culture of choosing a profession.Methodology of the study. Particular attention is paid to the integrative characteristics and procedural products of theorizing the ideas of the culture of choosing a profession and career of an individual in the system of lifelong education. Results. The definitions and models of the relationship between the culture of choosing a profession and a career of an individual in the system of continuous education are highlighted. The functions, principles, methods, technologies for implementing the ideas of age-appropriate development of the personality in the context of integrating the ideas of the culture of individual’s choosing a profession and a career in the system of continuous education are clarified. The pedagogical conditions for ensuring the quality of integration of the ideas of the culture of individual’s choosing a profession and a career in the system of continuous education are theorized. The possibilities of modeling technologies for implementing the ideas of age-appropriate development of the personality in the context of integrating the ideas of the individual’s culture of choosing a profession and a career in the system of continuous education are substantiated and modified.Conclusion. The prospects for theorization and implementation of the ideas of the culture of choosing a profession and a career of an individual in the system of continuous education are determined in the unification of resources for measuring the quality of the age-appropriate development of the individual, the possibilities of humanistically appropriate environments that create conditions for the optimal individual’s development in the system of continuous education, the material, technical and innovative-activity base of the organized activities.Введение. Культура выбора профессии определяет направленность трансляции смыслов развития личности в системе социально и персонифицировано ориентированных отношений, гарантируя личности своевременность включения в профессионально-трудовые отношения и ее устойчивое развитие. Теоретизация профессионально-трудового развития личности и технологизация развития личности как профессионала указывает направленность моделирования и обосновывает целостность своевременного, корректного уточнения карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования.Постановка задачи. В статье раскрываются основные понятия и модели, связанные с процессом и результатом теоретизации качества идей культуры выбора профессии.Методология и методика исследования. Особое внимание уделяется интегративным характеристикам и процессуальным продуктам теоретизации идей культуры выбора профессии и карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования.Результаты. Выделены определения и модели связи культуры выбора профессии и карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования. Уточнены функции, принципы, методы, технологии реализации идей возрастосообразного развития личности в контексте интеграции идей культуры выбора профессии и карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования. Теоретизированы педагогические условия обеспечения качества интеграции идей культуры выбора профессии и карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования. Обоснованы и модифицированы возможности моделирования технологий реализации идей возрастосообразного развития личности в контексте интеграции идей культуры выбора профессии и карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования.Выводы. Перспективность теоретизации и реализации идей культуры выбора профессии и карьеры личности в системе непрерывного образования определяется в унификации ресурсов измерения качества возрастосообразного развития личности, возможностей гуманистически целесообразных сред, создающих условия для оптимального развития личности в системе непрерывного образования, материально-технической и инновационно-деятельностной базы организуемой деятельности

PubChem3D: Diversity of shape

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The shape diversity of 16.4 million biologically relevant molecules from the PubChem Compound database and their 1.46 billion diverse conformers was explored as a function of molecular volume.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The diversity of shape space was investigated by determining the shape similarity threshold to achieve a maximum on the count of reference shapes per unit of conformer volume. The rate of growth in shape space, as represented by a decreasing shape similarity threshold, was found to be remarkably smooth as a function of volume. There was no apparent correlation between the count of conformers per unit volume and their diversity, meaning that a single reference shape can describe the shape space of many chemical structures. The ability of a volume to describe the shape space of lesser volumes was also examined. It was shown that a given volume was able to describe 40-70% of the shape diversity of lesser volumes, for the majority of the volume range considered in this study.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The relative growth of shape diversity as a function of volume and shape similarity is surprisingly uniform. Given the distribution of chemicals in PubChem versus what is theoretically synthetically possible, the results from this analysis should be considered a conservative estimate to the true diversity of shape space.</p

Thin Structure of Differentially Hardened 100m Rails

The methods of modern physical materials science are used to study the structural phase state, defective substructure, and properties of 100 m rails of the DT350 category after extremely long operation. The studies were carried out at different distances of 0, 2, 10 mm along the central axis and the fillet. It is shown that differentiated hardening is accompanied by the formation of a morphologically diverse structure, represented by grains of lamellar perlite, ferrite-carbide mixture, and structurally free ferrite.Методами современного физического материаловедения исследованы структурно-фазовое состояние, дефектная субструктура и свойства 100-м рельсов категории ДТ350 после экстремально длительной эксплуатации. Исследования проводились на различном расстоянии: 0, 2, 10 мм по центральной оси и выкружке. Показано, что дифференцированная закалка сопровождается формированием морфологически многоплановой структуры, представленной зернами пластинчатого перлита, феррито-карбидной смеси и структурно-свободного феррита.Работа выполнена по гранту при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 19–32–60001)

Background Assay and Rejection in DRIFT

The DRIFT-IId dark matter detector is a m3-scale low-pressure TPC with directional sensitivity to WIMP-induced nuclear recoils. Its primary backgrounds were due to alpha decays from contamination on the central cathode. Efforts to reduce these backgrounds led to replacing the 20 μm wire central cathode with one constructed from 0.9 μm aluminized mylar, which is almost totally transparent to alpha particles. Detailed modeling of the nature and origin of the remaining backgrounds led to an in-situ, ppt-sensitive assay of alpha decay backgrounds from the central cathode. This led to further improvements in the thin-film cathode resulting in over 2 orders of magnitude reduction in backgrounds compared to the wire cathode. Finally, the addition of O2 to CS2 gas was found to produce multiple species of electronegative charge carriers, providing a method to determine the absolute position of nuclear recoils and reject all known remaining backgrounds while retaining a high efficiency for nuclear recoil detection

Теория и моделирование цифровых вычислительных синтезаторов

The article considers the problems of the design of direct digital synthesizers, based on the method of the direct digital frequency and signal synthesis, the calculation of phase changes in DDS. Block and functional electrical diagrams of a direct digital synthesizer are presented. Basic formulas for the calculation of spurious spectral components levels in DDS, while forming complex signals, are given. Structures of DDS with the switching of phase samples and DDS with quadrature outputs are presented.Рассмотрено проектирование цифровых вычислительных синтезаторов (ЦВС), построенных на базе метода прямого цифрового синтеза частот и сигналов, расчета фазовых отклонений в ЦВС. Приведены структурная и функциональная электрические схемы указанного ЦВС, а также структуры ЦВС с коммутацией фазовых отсчетов и ЦВС с квадратурными выходами. Приводятся основные формулы расчета уровней побочных спектральных составляющих в ЦВС при формировании сложных сигналов